{"id":1978,"date":"2020-09-10T09:47:58","date_gmt":"2020-09-10T09:47:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/?post_type=articles&#038;p=1978"},"modified":"2024-06-06T08:24:49","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T08:24:49","slug":"reflectii-asupra-euharistei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/reflectii-asupra-euharistei\/","title":{"rendered":"Reflectii Asupra Euharistei"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Reflec\u021bii asupra euharistiei \u00een bisericile ceb din spa\u021biul post-sovietic.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pentru a \u00een\u021belege cum trebuie \u0219i cum putem s\u0103 ne referim ast\u0103zi la Euharistie, este necesar s\u0103 arunc\u0103m o privire istoric\u0103 fugitiv\u0103 de ansamblu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Prima etap\u0103 \u2013 Apari\u021bia \u0219i dezvoltarea, sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea \u2013 \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ini\u021bial, odat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia bisericilor locale ale cre\u0219tinilor evan-ghelici \u0219i bapti\u0219ti \u0219i a uniunilor acestor biserici, au existat opinii diferite despre cina Domnului.<\/p>\n<p>Cre\u0219tinii evanghelici pa\u0219kovi\u021bi (urma\u0219ii lui Vasilii Pashkov) m\u0103rturiseau a\u0219a-numita Euharistie deschis\u0103, precum c\u0103 orice credincios poate lua parte la \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219anie, iar responsabilitatea pentru participare nu o are comunitatea sau conducerea acesteia, ci participantul \u00eensu\u0219i. Rolul conducerii comunit\u0103\u021bii era de a ex-plica semnifica\u021bia \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219aniei. \u00cen plus, fra\u021bilor care se bucurau de \u00eencrederea bisericii, nu neap\u0103rat hirotoni\u021bi, li se permitea s\u0103 administreze Cina Domnului. Adic\u0103, printre cre\u0219tinii evanghelici, admiterea la predicare era mai scrupuloas\u0103 dec\u00e2t rug\u0103ciunea pentru p\u00e2ine \u0219i vin. P\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea, \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea, sub influen\u021ba lui Prohanov, care, de fapt, era un baptist cu r\u0103d\u0103cini molocane, cre\u0219tinii evanghelici au \u00eencetat s\u0103 mai permit\u0103 celor neboteza\u021bi sau celor boteza\u021bi \u00een ortodoxie s\u0103 se \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219easc\u0103. Dar alegerea pentru participare la Cina Domnului a r\u0103mas \u00een continuare la latitudinea credinciosului. \u0218i mai presus de toate, Prohanov s-a opus interzicerii rug\u0103ciunii pentru p\u00e2ine \u0219i vin de c\u0103tre fra\u021bii neordinati. El credea c\u0103 predicarea Cuv\u00e2ntului lui Dumnezeu este o sarcin\u0103 mult mai responsabil\u0103 dec\u00e2t rug\u0103ciunea, deoarece rug\u0103ciunea oric\u0103rui cre\u0219tin va fi ascultat\u0103 de Dumnezeu.<\/p>\n<p>Bapti\u0219tii, la r\u00e2ndul lor, au adoptat o abordare mai strict\u0103 a Euharistiei, de\u0219i nu numai a acesteia. Celebrul scriitor rus, Leskov, critic\u00e2nd tot ceea ce nu era ortodox, se minuna totu\u0219i de disciplina comunit\u0103\u021bilor baptiste, care, \u00een ciuda credin\u021bei lor \u00een har, au impus pedepse destul de grele membrilor vinova\u021bi ai bisericii. Deci, la bapti\u0219ti, ini\u021bial, \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219ania putea fi distribuit\u0103 doar de un slujitor hirotonisit \u0219i numai membrilor bisericii li se permitea s\u0103 ia parte la Masa Domnului.<\/p>\n<p>La a\u0219a-numitele congrese de unificare ale Cre\u0219tinilor Evan-ghelici \u0219i Bapti\u0219ti, Botezul \u0219i Euharistia constituiau principalele dezacorduri din cauza c\u0103rora unificarea a\u0219a \u0219i nu a avut loc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Etapa a II-a \u2013 Represiunile staliniste, 1927\u20131944<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ca \u0219i tot ceea ce nu f\u0103cea parte din planurile lui Stalin, biseri-cile cre\u0219tine au fost supuse celei mai severe represiuni. Casele de rug\u0103ciune au fost distruse, slujitorii au fost exila\u021bi \u00een lag\u0103re de munc\u0103 \u0219i adun\u0103rile au fost interzise. Pu\u021bine documente pentru aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 au supravie\u021buit, dar exist\u0103 o cantitate semnificativ\u0103 de dovezi, multe dintre care au fost interpretate \u00een literatura de fic\u021biune \u0219i publicistic\u0103, \u00een special \u00een cercurile bapti\u0219tilor ne\u00eenregis-tra\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 multe m\u0103rturii precum c\u0103 \u00een timpul prigoanei \u00eemp\u0103r-t\u0103\u0219ania se desf\u0103\u0219ura \u00een grupuri mici, uneori chiar \u00eentre dou\u0103 sau trei persoane, dar credincio\u0219ii puteau apar\u021bine confesiunilor di-ferite, inclusiv ortodoxe. Adesea ace\u0219tia se adunau \u00eempreun\u0103. \u00cen lag\u0103re se folosea ap\u0103 \u00een loc de vin. \u00cen multe cazuri, nu existau slujitori hirotonisi\u021bi sau alte atribute ale bisericii. Cre\u0219tinii se rugau \u00eempreun\u0103 cu venera\u021bie \u0219i recuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 pentru m\u00e2ntuire, \u0219i \u00eentrebuin\u021bau simbolurile de aducere aminte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Etapa a III-a \u2013 Cre\u0219terea \u0219i structurarea bisericii, 1944\u20131991<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen etapa cre\u0219terii Bisericii, are loc inevitabil \u0219i structurarea ei, inclusiv definirea m\u0103rturisirii de credin\u021b\u0103. Dup\u0103 unificarea din 1944, au ap\u0103rut primele elemente ale \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103turii oficiale a Uniunii Bisericilor Cre\u0219tinilor Evanghelici \u0219i Bapti\u0219ti. Este important de re\u021binut c\u0103 fr\u0103\u021bietatea CEB a avut urm\u0103toarele tr\u0103s\u0103turi distinctive care au confirmat atitudinea sacramental\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de Cina Domnului, \u00eemprumutat\u0103 din ortodoxie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Postul bisericesc de vineri \u0219i postul personal de duminic\u0103 diminea\u021ba, care rezult\u0103 din \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tura ortodox\u0103 despre \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219anie;<\/li>\n<li>Promovarea abstinen\u021bei de la intimitatea conjugal\u0103 \u00een ajunul \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219aniei;<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Apelul de \u00eemp\u0103ciuire cu toat\u0103 lumea \u00eenaintea \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219aniei;<\/li>\n<li>Ridicarea solemn\u0103 \u0219i misterioas\u0103 a acoperem\u00e2ntului de pe p\u00e2ine \u0219i pahar;<\/li>\n<li>Numirea p\u00e2inii \u0219i a vinului ca \u201elucruri sfinte\u201d;<\/li>\n<li>Ridicarea firimiturilor de pe podea;<\/li>\n<li>A m\u00e2nca \u0219i a bea neap\u0103rat resturile de p\u00e2ine \u0219i vin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen 1947, comisia de redac\u021bie a revistei \u201e\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u201d (Buletinul fr\u0103\u021besc), \u00eentr-un articol oficial pe tema Cinei Domnului, se refer\u0103 foarte critic la cei care, dup\u0103 ce au trecut de la ortodoxie, catolicism \u0219i chiar de la protestantism la bisericile CEB, privesc \u00eenc\u0103 Cina Domnul ca pe un sacrament<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>. Acela\u0219i articol spune c\u0103 credinciosul, prin neparticiparea la \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219anie, se priveaz\u0103 de sine st\u0103t\u0103tor de speran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i de recuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 fervent\u0103<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen doctrina CEB din 1985 se afirm\u0103 c\u0103 Cina Domnului este o porunc\u0103 a lui Isus Hristos pentru comemorarea \u0219i proclamarea suferin\u021bei \u0219i mor\u021bii Sale pe cruce<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>. Cina exprim\u0103, de asemenea, unirea noastr\u0103 cu Hristos \u0219i unul cu cel\u0103lalt; la ea particip\u0103 membrii bisericii care sunt \u00een pace cu Domnul \u0219i cu biserica. Aceste afirma\u021bii indic\u0103 o abordare memoralist\u0103 a Cinei Domnului, cel pu\u021bin \u00een documente. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, m\u0103rturiile celor boteza\u021bi \u00een Alma-Ata spun: \u201ecei boteza\u021bi s-au apropiat pentru prima dat\u0103, cu profund\u0103 venera\u021bie, de trupul \u0219i s\u00e2ngele Domnului nostru Isus Hristos prin participarea la Cina Domnului\u201d.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Aceasta este \u00een mod clar o fraz\u0103 sacramental\u0103 care nu are nimic de-a face cu come-morarea. Astfel de \u00eentreb\u0103ri practice, cum ar fi: posibilitatea amestecului unui vin sfin\u021bit cu unul neconsacrat, utilizarea p\u00e2inii nedospite sau a celei cu drojdie etc. dovede\u0219te doar atitudinea ambigu\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de Cina Domnului.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Etapa a IV-a <\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong> <strong>perioada <\/strong><strong>modern\u0103, 1991\u20132020<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Deja \u00een anii 90, slujitori precum Sannikov \u0219i Kolesnikov au \u00eencercat s\u0103 reconcilieze cele dou\u0103 pozi\u021bii, cre\u00e2nd de fapt ceva nou. \u0218i Sipko A. K. a spus chiar c\u0103 \u00een \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219anie exist\u0103 o transmisie special\u0103 a harului lui Dumnezeu.<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> \u0218i mai departe \u2013 \u201eP\u00e2inea euha-ristic\u0103, chiar \u0219i dup\u0103 rug\u0103ciunea comun\u0103 a prezbiterului \u0219i a comunit\u0103\u021bii, r\u0103m\u00e2ne p\u00e2ine \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, devine adev\u0103ratul Trup al lui Hristos\u201d.<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen versiunea actual\u0103 a crezului UBCEBM, este consemnat: \u201eCina Domnului este amintirea \u015fi vestirea suferin\u0163elor \u015fi mor\u0163ii lui Isus Cristos. Prin ea noi avem p\u0103rt\u0103\u015fie cu Cristos \u015fi unii cu al\u0163ii. P\u00e2inea \u015fi rodul vi\u0163ei arat\u0103 la trupul \u015fi s\u00e2ngele lui Isus Cristos, dar nu se transform\u0103 \u00een acestea ca atare\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Analiz\u0103<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Unul dintre cei mai importan\u021bi factori care influen\u021beaz\u0103 teologia \u0219i practica \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219aniei este contextul istoric, care i-a schimbat at\u00e2t sensul, c\u00e2t \u0219i forma.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen afar\u0103 de aceasta, exist\u0103 o varietate de surse de influen\u021b\u0103 \u00een formarea \u00een\u021belegerii \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219aniei. Ca rezultat, se disting elemen-tele a trei concepte semantice.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00cemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219ania ca tain\u0103<\/em>. O tain\u0103 este un sacrament prin care harul invizibil al lui Dumnezeu este transmis \u00eentr-un mod vizibil. Elemente practice, precum \u00eendep\u0103rtarea v\u0103lului, \u201ea m\u00e2nca \u0219i a bea\u201d tot ce a fost sfin\u021bit, posibilitatea de a \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi Cina doar de un slujitor hirotonisit etc., indic\u0103 clar influen\u021ba teologiei ortodoxe asupra pozi\u021biei bisericilor CEB.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00cemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219ania ca simbol<\/em>. Simbolul este inseparabil de esen\u021ba pe care o transmite. Simbolul nu poate fi \u00eenlocuit. Un simbol se poate na\u0219te, poate muri, dar numai \u00eempreun\u0103 cu con\u021binutul s\u0103u se-mantic. Elemente precum prezen\u021ba obligatorie a p\u00e2inii sau a rodului vi\u021bei de vie \u0219i sintagma \u201ecomuniunea Trupului \u0219i s\u00e2ngelui Domnului\u201d sunt indicative ale influen\u021bei teologiei reformate.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00cemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219ania ca amintire<\/em><em>. <\/em>Amintirea este asociat\u0103 cu un semn sau o imagine. Semnul \u0219i imaginea pot fi \u00eenlocuite f\u0103r\u0103 a d\u0103una la schimbarea esen\u021bei a ceea ce m\u0103rturise\u0219te. Cazurile \u00een care vinul a fost \u00eenlocuit cu ap\u0103 vorbesc despre influen\u021ba teologiei evanghelice (<em>Evangelical Free<\/em> \u2013 \u00een Germania sau <em>Free Evangelical<\/em> \u2013 \u00een SUA).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Concluzii<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Nu exist\u0103 o \u00een\u021belegere comun\u0103 a con\u021binutului semantic al \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219aniei \u00een bisericile CEB. Unul dintre motivele principale este prezen\u021ba diferitelor r\u0103d\u0103cini istorice de influen\u021b\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen practica bisericilor CEB s-au \u00eent\u00e2lnit diverse forme \u0219i metode de desf\u0103\u0219urare a \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219aniei.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen timpul carantinei \u0219i a interzicerii adun\u0103rilor \u00een grupe mari, bisericile CEB se pot uita la mo\u0219tenirea lor istoric\u0103, pentru a vedea cum contextul a influen\u021bat teologia \u0219i practica \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219aniei.<\/li>\n<li>Ast\u0103zi este v\u0103zut\u0103 ca problematic\u0103 g\u0103sirea unit\u0103\u021bii \u00een chestiunea naturii \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219aniei: tain\u0103, simbol sau amintire. \u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, este considerat\u0103, de asemenea, problematic\u0103 g\u0103sirea unit\u0103\u021bii \u00een practica \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219aniei, mai ales \u00een perioadele de reg\u00e2ndire critic\u0103 a eclesiologiei evanghelice \u00een general \u0219i a doctrinei despre Cina Domnului \u00een special.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>BIBLIOGRAFIE<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d-\u0431\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/em> \/\/ \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb, \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d-\u0411\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1985. \u2013 \u21164. [\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: <a href=\"https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/upload\/iblock\/cc3\/bv\">https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/upload\/iblock\/cc3\/bv<\/a> _1985_4.pdf<\/li>\n<li><em>\u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f <\/em>\/\/ \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb, \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d-\u0411\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1947. \u2013 \u21163. [\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: <a href=\"https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/\">https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/<\/a> upload\/iblock\/80b\/bv_1947_3.pdf<\/li>\n<li><em>\u0418\u0437 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0439<\/em> \/\/ \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb, \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d-\u0411\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1985. \u2013 \u21165. [\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: <a href=\"https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/upload\/iblock\/38b\/bv_1985\">https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/upload\/iblock\/38b\/bv_1985<\/a> _5.pdf<\/li>\n<li><em> M\u0103rturisirea de Credin\u0163\u0103 a Cultului Cre\u015ftin Evanghelic Baptist din Moldova.<\/em> Sursa Internet: <a href=\"https:\/\/baptist.org.md\/ro\/?page_%20id=901\">https:\/\/baptist.org.md\/ro\/?page_ id=901<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0438\u043f\u043a\u043e, \u0410. \u041a. <em>\u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/em>. \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439. Spokane, W\u0410: National Color Graphics Inc, 2010.<\/li>\n<li>\u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u041d. \u041f. <em>\u0414\u043e\u043c \u0411\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c<\/em>. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0439. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0415\u0425\u0411, 1974. [\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: <a href=\"https:\/\/sites\">https:\/\/sites<\/a>. google.com\/site\/hermannhartfeld\/chrapow-n-p-dom-bozij-i-sluzenie-v-neem<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>_____________________________________<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u041f. <em>\u0414\u043e\u043c \u0411\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c<\/em>. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0439. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0415\u0425\u0411, 1974. [\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/\">https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/<\/a> hermannhartfeld\/chrapow-n-p-dom-bozij-i-sluzenie-v-neem<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <em>\u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f <\/em>\/\/ \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb, \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d-\u0411\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1947. \u2013 \u21163. \u2013 C. 12. [\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: <a href=\"https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/upload\/\">https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/upload\/<\/a> iblock\/80b\/bv_1947_3.pdf<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Ibid., p. 13.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> <em>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d-\u0431\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/em> \/\/ \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb, \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d-\u0411\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1985. \u2013 \u21164. \u2013 C. 46\u201347. [\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: <a href=\"https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/upload\/iblock\/cc3\/bv_1985\">https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/upload\/iblock\/cc3\/bv_1985<\/a> _4.pdf<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0421\u043c. <em>\u0418\u0437 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0439<\/em> \/\/ \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb, \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d-\u0411\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1985. \u2013 \u21165. \u2013 C. 73. [\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441]. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: https:\/\/mbchurch.ru\/upload\/iblock\/38b\/bv_1985_5.pdf<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0421\u0438\u043f\u043a\u043e \u0410. \u041a. <em>\u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/em>. \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439. Spokane, W\u0410: National Color Graphics Inc, 2010. \u2013 \u0421. 245\u2013246.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Ibid., p. 247.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> <em>M\u0103rturisirea de Credin\u0163\u0103 a Cultului Cre\u015ftin Evanghelic Baptist din Moldova<\/em>. Sursa Internet: https:\/\/baptist.org.md\/ro\/?page_id=901<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reflec\u021bii asupra euharistiei \u00een bisericile ceb din spa\u021biul post-sovietic. Pentru a \u00een\u021belege cum trebuie \u0219i cum putem s\u0103 ne referim ast\u0103zi la Euharistie, este necesar s\u0103 arunc\u0103m o privire istoric\u0103 fugitiv\u0103 de ansamblu. Prima etap\u0103 \u2013 Apari\u021bia \u0219i dezvoltarea, sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea \u2013 \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea Ini\u021bial, odat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia bisericilor locale ale [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1977,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[37],"post-author":[98],"class_list":["post-1978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reflections","tag-ro","post-author-vladimir-ubeivolk"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1978"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3451,"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1978\/revisions\/3451"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1978"},{"taxonomy":"post-author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulseofministry.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post-author?post=1978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}